Slimefun groups its special bow variants on this page. They work like normal bows, but their arrows apply extra effects when they hit a target.
The Explosive Bow creates a fake explosion when its arrow hits a living target. That blast can knock back nearby enemies and deal splash damage around the point of impact. It is the better choice when you are fighting groups instead of one target at a time.
The Icy Bow is built for control instead of area damage. A hit briefly freezes and slows the target, making it harder for them to chase, escape, or reposition.